Molecular and Biochemical Analysis of Bacillus altitudinis from Freshwater Sources Implications for Water Quality and Ecosystem Health

Abstract

There are major concerns about water quality and ecosystem health as a result of the growing microbial pollution of freshwater environments. Freshwater sources are among the several environmental niches where Bacillus altitudinis, a hardy and versatile bacterium, has been found. Its metabolic properties, ecological ramifications, and prevalence in aquatic systems are still little understood, though. The purpose of this study is to examine the molecular and biochemical characteristics of B. altitudinis that has been isolated from freshwater habitats in order to evaluate its possible significance for ecosystem dynamics and water quality. Following the collection of freshwater samples from various sources, such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, B. altitudinis was isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culture-dependent methods. The isolates' functional characteristics were assessed using biochemical profiling, which included metabolic fingerprinting, antibiotic resistance tests, and enzyme activity assays. In order to determine virulence factors, stress response genes, and biodegradation capacity, molecular characterization required genomic study. According to preliminary research, B. altitudinis produces a lot of lipase, amylase, and protease, indicating that it is involved in the breakdown of organic materials and the cycling of nutrients. Different patterns of susceptibility were found by antibiotic resistance profiling, indicating possible threats to public health should these bacteria infiltrate drinking water systems. The bacterium's capacity to adapt to polluted settings was highlighted by the discovery of genes associated with biofilm formation, heavy metal resistance, and pollutant degradation by genomic studies. Since B. altitudinis is sensitive to environmental stresses, its presence in freshwater sources may act as a bio indicator for water quality. However, further research is required to evaluate the dangers to human and environmental health due to its possible pathogenicity and resistance features. In order to enhance microbiological monitoring techniques and water management procedures, this work offers vital insights into the ecological role of B. altitudinis in freshwater systems. Developing mitigation strategies to maintain water quality and guarantee sustainable ecosystem functioning will be made easier with an understanding of the interactions between this bacterium and its surroundings.