Biocontrol Management of Immobilization of Heavy Metal From the Contaminated Soil

Abstract

Pollution of heavy metals has been recognized as a worldwide threat since the beginning of industrial revolt. Heavy metal is natural constituents of environment and contagion induces severe health and environment hazards due to its noxious nature. The source of heavy metal in the environment is different it may be natural like due to weathering, volcanic activities or biogenic sources, there is another source is anthropogenic sources through which the heavy metals become the part the soil these are fertilizers, steel industries or mining process. The role of microbes and plants in biotransformation of heavy metals into non-hazardous forms is well developed. In the analysis of this, the present review investigates the abilities of microbes and plants in term of tolerance and degradation of heavy metal. Also advances in bioremediation technologies and strategies to discover these huge and important biological resources for bioremediation are discussed. In end in bioremediation process, different process like phytoremediation process is mainly used in which phytofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization and phytodegrdation are mostly used. All these process are used to remove the heavy metals from the contaminated areas and make the soil or contaminated areas free from the metals contaminants.