Mineral Composition Proximate Analysis and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Citrullus Colocynths (L) Schrad Methanolic Fruit Extract

Abstract

Citrullus Colocynthis (Linn) schrad is a significantly settled, broadly circulated desert vine commonly found in the rural region globally. Citrullus Colocynthis as a natural product’s is normally perceived for their large number of therapeutic purposes as well as drug and superfood prospective. Citrullus Colocynthis (Linn) Schrad is customarily utilized as an aborticide and to use stoppage, puffiness, bacterium diseases, malignant growth and diabetes. The present study was conducted involving taxonomic identification, organoleptic characterization, and comprehensive nutritional and mineral analysis of wild fruits of Citrullus Colocynthis collected from Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Morphological features were assessed using microscopy and stereomicroscopy, while proximate composition, including moisture, ash, crude fats, proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, and energy content were determined using standard protocols. Mineral contents were analyzed via atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay with methanolic extracts. The taxonomic and nutritional evaluation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad revealed its widespread occurrence in the Dera Ismail Khan region, with significant morphological and organoleptic characteristics. Proximate analysis showed high crude fat (55.64%) and protein content (25.66%), while carbohydrates, fiber, and moisture were relatively low. Elemental analysis identified a rich mineral profile, with particularly high concentrations of magnesium (764.10 mg/kg), sodium, and zinc. Additionally, antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH assay demonstrated substantial free radical scavenging potential, with an IC₅₀ value of 2.465 μg/ml and a maximum inhibition of 83.66% at 20 μg/ml, indicating strong antioxidant capacity of the fruit extract. These findings highlight Citrullus colocynthis fruit as a promising natural source of essential nutrients and antioxidants, suggesting its potential for future applications in nutraceutical and therapeutic formulations..