The Impact of Delayed Marriage on Reproductive Health Outcome among Males: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Delayed marriage is increasingly common among males in Pakistan, yet its effects on male reproductive health are not well understood. While much research has focused on women, the implications for men particularly regarding fertility, sexual function, and psychological well-being remain underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of delayed marriage on reproductive health outcomes among married males in major cities of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar, enrolling 600 married males aged 30–49 years through stratified random sampling. Participants were grouped by age at marriage: before 30 years and at/after 30 years. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire, including a fertility checklist, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results: Males married at or after 30 years had significantly higher rates of infertility (21.2% vs 9.1%, p<0.001), erectile dysfunction (25.4% vs 11.3%, p<0.001), and psychological distress (mean GHQ-12 score 14.6±4.8 vs 11.0±4.1, p<0.001) compared to those married before 30. The fertility checklist revealed that delayed marriage was associated with longer time to conception and increased use of fertility treatments. Conclusion: Delayed marriage is linked to adverse reproductive health outcomes among Pakistani males. Comprehensive fertility assessment and early intervention are recommended for men marrying at later ages.

Keywords:  Delayed Marriage, Reproductive Health, Males Infertility, Erectile Dysfunction, Psychological Well-Being